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Archimedes

QUICK ANSWER
Greek mathematician Archimedes is widely considered by many to be the "father of mathematics." He is regarded as one of the leading scientists in classical antiquity and is credited with designing numerous innovative machines, including the screw pump and siege engines.

FULL ANSWER
Archimedes was born in 287 BC in Sicily, Italy, and died when he was 75 years old during a Roman battle in Syracuse. Besides being a mathematician, he was a brilliant physicist, engineer, astronomer and inventor. He is known for the Archimedes Principle as well as hydrostatistics and infinitesimals. In addition, he also defined the spiral that now bears his name as well as an ingenious method for expressing very large numbers.

http://www.ask.com/math/father-mathematics-da45c7986b2e76e7
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archimedes