Please go over how to use "for meaning duration"

Please correct any sentence considered wrong.  I'm willing to learn from any mistake of mine.

At first I thought "for" is always used in the present perfect tense, but I found this sentence "I studied guitar for three years at school" making me quite puzzled.

What is the difference between "I studied the guitar for three years" and "I have studied the guitar for three years" ?

I personally think that people use  "for" with the present perfect tense when talking about the duration up to the present time, and use "for" with the past simple tense when talking about the duration that is not up to the present.  I get that right?

So, supposing I were at the age of 24 and I said, "I played football for three years", it might mean "I played football from 15 to 18" that is not up to the present time.  

And if I said, "I have played football for three years", would it  mean "I have played it since I was 21 years old"?

Thank you in advance for all constructive replies. I'm deeply sorry for my poor English making you tired of reading.
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