รบกวนเพื่อนๆพี่ๆน้องๆ ช่วยเราด้วยค่ะ
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คือในเซคก็แบ่งเป็นกลุ่มๆ แล้วแต่ละกลุ่มก็ไปแบ่งกันแปลอีกทีค่ะ
ซึ่งภาษาอังกฤษเราอ่อนแอมาก
เราแปลออกมาได้ครึ่งนึงแล้ว งงมากค่ะ ไม่เข้าใจเลย
กลัวยิ่งแปลไปจะยิ่งไปเปลี่ยนประวัติศาสตร์ญี่ปุ่น 5555
รบกวรผู้รู้ ช่วยด้วยนะคะ
ขอขอบคุณล่วงหน้าค่ะ
เราจะค่อยๆทยอยลงให้ช่วยแปลนะคะ กลัวเพื่อนๆพี่ๆจะตกใจกับความยาว 5555
THE LOYALISTS
The purge that Ii Naosuke carried out had resulted in his murder; the persecuted loyalists had retaliated by assassinating the chief bakufu minister. These events ushered in a period of violence and terror that transformed the setting of late Tokugawa politics. The loyalists,known to their contemporaries and to history as
shishi – men of high purpose – became an explosive element in local and national affairs and ended by serving as ideal ethical types for the ideology of the modern imperial state and also as models for young radicals in future periods of instability.
Shishi tended to be of modest rank, status, and income. Lack of status meant that they were little encumbered by official duty and office, which were reserved for higher samurai rank. They lived in a world that was less structured by ritual than was that of their superiors,and communication with men from other domains was also easier for them than it was for their superiors. Because the
shishi were at the outer circumference of the ruling class, frustrations of limited opportunity and ritual humility often made them suspicious and critical of their cautious superiors. Poorly informed about the context of national diplomatic and political issues, they were inclined to the simplistic solutions of direct action. Calls for preparedness that accompanied the opening of Japan produced a lively expectation of war and led to a setting that was alive with rumor and that put new emphasis on the importance of the martial arts. Swordsmanship academies were crowded as never before with students, and together with tournaments they became settings for political bravado and self-assertion. The
shishi were men of the sword.
The lower samurai’s frustrations often meshed with the discontent of the rural samurai and village leaders. In the countryside, pseudosamurai pretensions were symbolized by sword, surnames, and rudimentary scholarship. These could combine with the experience of administrative responsibility to encourage critical attitudes toward urban-based but underemployed samurai, sometimes with the conclusion that it was the leadership of the farm villages that really mattered. In Tosa, for example, a Shouya League of the 1840s produced complaints that summed up many of the frustrations and that harked back to a past order in which village leaders had carried out the court’s commands without interference from castle town samurai. Tosa
shishi included sons of rural leaders as well as lower samurai.
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รบกวนผู้รู้ภาษาอังกฤษและประวัติศาสตร์ญี่ปุ่น เข้ามาช่วยหน่อยค่ะ TT
อาจารย์ให้แปลหนังสือเล่มนึงค่ะ
คือในเซคก็แบ่งเป็นกลุ่มๆ แล้วแต่ละกลุ่มก็ไปแบ่งกันแปลอีกทีค่ะ
ซึ่งภาษาอังกฤษเราอ่อนแอมาก
เราแปลออกมาได้ครึ่งนึงแล้ว งงมากค่ะ ไม่เข้าใจเลย
กลัวยิ่งแปลไปจะยิ่งไปเปลี่ยนประวัติศาสตร์ญี่ปุ่น 5555
รบกวรผู้รู้ ช่วยด้วยนะคะ
ขอขอบคุณล่วงหน้าค่ะ
เราจะค่อยๆทยอยลงให้ช่วยแปลนะคะ กลัวเพื่อนๆพี่ๆจะตกใจกับความยาว 5555
The purge that Ii Naosuke carried out had resulted in his murder; the persecuted loyalists had retaliated by assassinating the chief bakufu minister. These events ushered in a period of violence and terror that transformed the setting of late Tokugawa politics. The loyalists,known to their contemporaries and to history as shishi – men of high purpose – became an explosive element in local and national affairs and ended by serving as ideal ethical types for the ideology of the modern imperial state and also as models for young radicals in future periods of instability.
Shishi tended to be of modest rank, status, and income. Lack of status meant that they were little encumbered by official duty and office, which were reserved for higher samurai rank. They lived in a world that was less structured by ritual than was that of their superiors,and communication with men from other domains was also easier for them than it was for their superiors. Because the shishi were at the outer circumference of the ruling class, frustrations of limited opportunity and ritual humility often made them suspicious and critical of their cautious superiors. Poorly informed about the context of national diplomatic and political issues, they were inclined to the simplistic solutions of direct action. Calls for preparedness that accompanied the opening of Japan produced a lively expectation of war and led to a setting that was alive with rumor and that put new emphasis on the importance of the martial arts. Swordsmanship academies were crowded as never before with students, and together with tournaments they became settings for political bravado and self-assertion. The shishi were men of the sword.
The lower samurai’s frustrations often meshed with the discontent of the rural samurai and village leaders. In the countryside, pseudosamurai pretensions were symbolized by sword, surnames, and rudimentary scholarship. These could combine with the experience of administrative responsibility to encourage critical attitudes toward urban-based but underemployed samurai, sometimes with the conclusion that it was the leadership of the farm villages that really mattered. In Tosa, for example, a Shouya League of the 1840s produced complaints that summed up many of the frustrations and that harked back to a past order in which village leaders had carried out the court’s commands without interference from castle town samurai. Tosa shishi included sons of rural leaders as well as lower samurai.
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